Bronchiectasis / Consultation template
New bronchiectasis patient
First assessment: the history that points at a cause, the severity markers, and the treatable traits worth finding early.
- 1Referred with
- 2Duration of cough
- 3Daily sputum
- 4Blood in the sputum
- 5Breathlessness, MRC
- 6Chest pain, fatigue, fevers, weight loss
- 7Antibiotics in the last 12 months
- 8Childhood pneumonia, whooping cough, mea…
- 9Recurrent sinus or ear infection since c…
- 10Infertility or situs inversus
- 11Neonatal respiratory distress
- 12Rheumatoid arthritis or other connective…
- 13Inflammatory bowel disease
- 14Reflux, swallowing difficulty or recurre…
- 15aspergillosis
- 16Smoking and occupational exposure
and 31 more, in the block below.
Referred with: [] History: Duration of cough: [] Daily sputum: [volume, colour when well, colour when unwell] Blood in the sputum: [never, streaking, or frank, and how often] Breathlessness, MRC [1 to 5] Chest pain, fatigue, fevers, weight loss: [] Exacerbations in the last 12 months: [number, and how many needed intravenous antibiotics or admission] Antibiotics in the last 12 months: [] Points to a cause: Childhood pneumonia, whooping cough, measles or tuberculosis: [] Recurrent sinus or ear infection since childhood: [] Infertility or situs inversus: [] Neonatal respiratory distress: [] Rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue disease: [] Inflammatory bowel disease: [] Reflux, swallowing difficulty or recurrent aspiration: [] Previous or current asthma, and any history of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: [] Smoking and occupational exposure: [] Immunosuppressive treatment, past or present: [] Family history of bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis or immunodeficiency: [] Current treatment: Airway clearance: [technique, taught by whom, how often actually done] Nebulised or inhaled treatment: [] Inhaled corticosteroid, and the indication for it: [] Long-term antibiotic: [] Vaccination: [influenza, pneumococcal, COVID-19] Examination: SpO2 []% on air Height [] cm Weight [] kg BMI [] [crackles, wheeze, clubbing, nasal disease] Investigations: CT chest: [lobes involved, traction bronchiectasis or cystic change, mucus plugging, tree-in-bud] Sputum culture including mycobacteria: [] Spirometry: FEV1 [] L ([]%), FVC [] L, ratio []% Aetiology screen: [see the bronchiectasis test bundle] Severity: Bronchiectasis Severity Index [] or FACED [] Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: [yes or no] Impression: Bronchiectasis affecting [], with [] exacerbations per year, [chronic infection with organism or no chronic infection], cause [established or under investigation]. Plan: 1. Referral to respiratory physiotherapy for airway clearance: [] 2. Aetiology screen: [sent, awaited] 3. Sputum for culture and mycobacteria: [] 4. Vaccination brought up to date: [] 5. Pulmonary rehabilitation if exercise-limited: [] 6. Self-management plan and exacerbation antibiotic plan: [] 7. Review in [] months with [sputum, spirometry]
How to use it
Two questions decide most of what happens next: how often does this person exacerbate, and what grows in their sputum. Chronic Pseudomonas infection and a high exacerbation rate are what move someone from airway clearance alone to long-term macrolides or inhaled antibiotics, so both belong in the first letter. Airway clearance is the first line of the plan rather than the last because it is the intervention with the strongest recommendation behind it and the one most often left to a leaflet. Send sputum for mycobacterial culture at the outset: non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection changes the whole management, and long-term macrolide monotherapy started in undiagnosed NTM disease breeds resistance and closes off treatment later.
Why it says that
None of this is in the copied text. It is here so you can check the block against its source, and change it when the source changes.
- ERS clinical practice guideline for the management of adult bronchiectasis (2025) Strong recommendations for airway clearance in most patients and for pulmonary rehabilitation in those with impaired exercise capacity; long-term macrolides for people at high risk of exacerbations; inhaled antibiotics for chronic Pseudomonas infection with frequent exacerbations; against routine long-term non-macrolide oral antibiotics and against routine inhaled corticosteroids.
- BTS guideline for bronchiectasis in adults (2019) The baseline aetiological investigation bundle for every adult with a new diagnosis, and the UK framework for severity assessment and follow-up.
- Bronchiectasis Severity Index (Chalmers et al, 2014) A validated score for mortality and admission risk, so severity is written down as a number rather than an adjective.
Trials behind it
- ASPEN 2025 Brensocatib cut exacerbations by about 20% — the first drug licensed specifically for bronchiectasis
- PROMIS 2024 Inhaled colistimethate reduced exacerbations in one trial and not in its replicate
- BAT 2013 Maintenance azithromycin roughly halved the proportion of patients having any exacerbation
- BLESS 2013 Erythromycin modestly cut exacerbations, including in Pseudomonas-infected patients, at the cost of increased macrolide resistance
- EMBRACE 2012 Azithromycin cut exacerbations by 62% without improving lung function or quality of life
Records on respiratorytrials.org.