Sleep & ventilation / Consultation template
Suspected obstructive sleep apnoea
The sleep history with the scores that decide priority, and the driving question asked properly.
- 1Snoring
- 2Witnessed apnoeas or choking or gasping…
- 3Waking unrefreshed, morning headache, dr…
- 4Nocturia
- 5Usual bedtime and rising time, and hours…
- 6Shift work
- 7Naps
- 8Insomnia symptoms, and whether sleep ons…
- 9Restless legs or limb movements
- 10Alcohol in the evening
- 11Sedatives or opioids
- 12Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- 13Impact on work, home and mood
- 14Holds a driving licence
- 15Occupational driver
- 16Has fallen asleep or come close to it wh…
and 21 more, in the block below.
Referred with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep history: Snoring: [nightly, and whether reported by a bed partner] Witnessed apnoeas or choking or gasping at night: [] Waking unrefreshed, morning headache, dry mouth: [] Nocturia: [times per night] Usual bedtime and rising time, and hours actually asleep: [] Shift work: [] Naps: [] Insomnia symptoms, and whether sleep onset or maintenance: [] Restless legs or limb movements: [] Alcohol in the evening: [units and timing] Sedatives or opioids: [] Sleepiness: Epworth Sleepiness Scale [] out of 24 Impact on work, home and mood: [] Driving: Holds a driving licence: [no, group 1, or group 2] Occupational driver: [yes or no] Has fallen asleep or come close to it while driving: [] Advice given about not driving while sleepy, and about the duty to notify the licensing authority if excessive sleepiness is present: [given] Risk factors and consequences: Weight [] kg, height [] cm, BMI [], collar size [] Weight change: [] Neck, jaw and airway: [Mallampati, retrognathia, tonsils, nasal patency] Hypertension, and how many agents: [] Atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, stroke: [] Type 2 diabetes: [] Hypothyroidism: [] Acromegaly: [] Resistant hypertension or unexplained polycythaemia: [] Screening score: STOP-BANG [] out of 8 Considered instead of, or as well as, obstructive sleep apnoea: Obesity hypoventilation: [daytime SpO2, bicarbonate] Neuromuscular or chest wall disease: [] COPD, and possible overlap: [] Narcolepsy or other central hypersomnia: [] Depression, anaemia, thyroid disease: [] Plan: 1. [home oximetry, home respiratory polygraphy, or inpatient polysomnography] 2. Priority: [urgent if occupational driver, or symptomatic with high Epworth, or significant comorbidity] 3. Weight, alcohol, sleep timing and positional advice given: [] 4. Follow-up with results: []
How to use it
Ask the driving question explicitly and record both the answer and the advice you gave. The duty to notify the licensing authority sits with the patient, but the duty to tell them clearly sits with you, and a line in the letter is the only evidence either happened. Epworth measures sleepiness, not apnoea: a low score in someone with a high STOP-BANG does not exclude the diagnosis, and a high score with normal studies should send you looking at sleep duration, shift work, mood and drugs rather than repeating the study. Check a bicarbonate in anyone with a high BMI — hypoventilation is missed for years and needs different treatment.
Why it says that
None of this is in the copied text. It is here so you can check the block against its source, and change it when the source changes.
- NICE NG202 - Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s Assessment, the place of home respiratory polygraphy and oximetry, prioritisation of people whose job involves driving, and the separate pathway for obesity hypoventilation.
- DVLA assessing fitness to drive Excessive sleepiness with confirmed sleep apnoea syndrome must be notified, and driving must stop until symptoms are controlled.
- STOP-BANG questionnaire (Chung et al, 2008) The screening score recorded here, validated for stratifying risk.
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, Sleep 1991) A measure of sleep propensity, not a diagnostic test for apnoea.
Trials behind it
- SURMOUNT-OSA 2024 Tirzepatide halved the apnoea-hypopnoea index in obese patients with OSA
- SAVE 2016 CPAP did not prevent cardiovascular events, though it treated the apnoea and improved symptoms
- Marin 2005 2005 Observationally, untreated severe apnoea tripled cardiovascular events and CPAP appeared to abolish the excess
Records on respiratorytrials.org.